What is a Car Axle and How Does It Work?

Car axles are integral components in a vehicle's drivetrain. They bear the weight of the vehicle, connect the wheels and transfer torque from the engine to the wheels. In simple terms, axles are the rods or shafts around which the wheels rotate, ensuring smooth and controlled motion.
Since axles play a vital role in a vehicle's mobility, ensuring they're covered under a reliable motor insurance plan like Bajaj Allianz General Insurance adds peace of mind in case of damage or mechanical failure.

What is an Axle on a Car?

An axle on a car is a crucial mechanical component that links the wheels and supports the weight of the vehicle. It enables the wheels to rotate while maintaining the correct position of the tyres relative to the body of the car. Axles also absorb shocks and deliver power from the engine to the wheels. There are various configurations depending on vehicle type and drivetrain layout.

How Many Axles are There in a Car?

The number of axles in a car generally depends on its design. Most standard passenger cars have two axles: one for the front wheels and another for the rear. These are known as front and rear axles.
In vehicles with all-wheel drive or more complex setups, the axles may be more intricate with additional components like differentials and CV joints. Larger vehicles, such as trucks or buses, may have more axles to support increased weight and load capacity. Understanding your vehicle’s axle count is essential for maintenance and insurance documentation.

Types of Car Axles

There are several types of axles in cars, and each serves a unique function:

Front Axle

• Located at the front of the vehicle.
• Handles steering and absorbs shocks from road irregularities.

Rear Axle

• Positioned at the rear and often powers the vehicle in rear-wheel-drive cars.
• Comprises two halves connected by a differential.

Stub Axle

• Connected to the front wheels and aids in steering
• Allows wheels to turn and absorb some road stress.

Full Floating Axle

• Commonly found in heavy-duty vehicles
• Bears the weight of the vehicle independently.

Semi-Floating Axle

• Used in cars and light trucks.
• Supports both power delivery and weight.

Three-Quarter Floating Axle

• A hybrid system offering a balance between strength and stability.

Also Read: Engine Protector (EP) in Car Insurance: Meaning, Coverage, and Benefits

How Car Axles Work?

Car axles work by transferring torque from the engine to the wheels while also supporting the weight of the vehicle. In front-wheel-drive vehicles, the axles are connected to the front wheels through constant velocity (CV) joints, allowing the wheels to turn and move vertically over bumps.
In rear-wheel-drive vehicles, the power is transmitted to the rear axle via the driveshaft. Differential gears within the axle ensure that wheels rotate at different speeds when turning, allowing for better traction and control. Modern vehicles use advanced axle systems with sensors and materials that enhance performance, especially under varying driving conditions.

Conclusion

• Axles are fundamental to a car’s motion and structural support.
• Most cars feature two axles, but larger vehicles may have more.
• Different types of axles cater to various performance needs.
• Axles play a vital role in delivering power and absorbing shock.
• Regular maintenance helps detect axle issues early.
• Axle condition can impact insurance claims and road safety.

Bajaj Allianz Motor Insurance provides robust coverage, helping you stay protected against sudden axle-related damages with access to 7,200+ cashless garages across India.

FAQs

What are the symptoms of an ill-functioning car axle?

Strange noises, vibrations during acceleration, or leaking grease near the tyres can indicate axle problems. Immediate inspection is recommended to prevent further damage.

Do electric cars have axles?

Yes, electric cars also have axles. They function similarly to those in petrol or diesel vehicles, transmitting torque from electric motors to the wheels.

Will my insurance cover a broken axle?

It depends on the insurance policy. Comprehensive car insurance may cover axle damage if caused by accidents or unforeseen events. Always review policy inclusions.

What is the purpose of a car's front axle?

The front axle supports steering and absorbs shocks from the road. It also helps in maintaining wheel alignment and enables smooth turning.

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